About 700 million years ago, Earth froze over so completely that even tropical oceans turned to ice, an episode scientists call Snowball Earth. New research now points to an overlooked accomplice in ...

Around 2.3 billion years ago, the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) marked a major turning point in Earth’s history. The increase ...

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Eukaryotes—the building blocks of complex life—appeared on Earth 1.7 billion years ago, and now scientists have solved a ...

How is carbon metabolized and processed in different ecosystems? In a study published in the journal Communications Earth & Environment, researchers led by Joely Maak, the study's first author and ...

There are many open questions about how our planet formed 4.55 billion years ago: When did plate tectonics start? When did the Earth's mantle begin to vigorously circulate in a process called ...

Scientists at MIT have found compelling chemical evidence that Earth’s earliest animals were likely ancient sea sponges.

Ancient alerce trees may shelter entire underground ecosystems, with vast fungal networks helping forests cycle nutrients and store carbon.

Between 720 million and 635 million years ago, Earth may have experienced one of ...