The first installment of this article series discussed the need to verify SPICE model accuracy and how to measure the open- and closed-loop small-signal AC output impedance of operational amplifier ...

Most RF and microwave analyzers have a superheterodyne architecture that down-converts the input signal to a lower IF, generally using several IF stages at different frequencies. Digital technology ...

The term bandwidth is used and abused in many situations. I recall one meeting where the word was used to refer to: the frequency content of a particular signal, the frequency response of a specific ...

From the late 1980s to the early 2000s, the rule of the microwave instrumentation market was simple: “He who makes the best microwave transistors wins.” During this era, test vendors released ...