Scientists use cell death, whether by apoptosis or necrosis, to evaluate the toxicity or effectiveness of substances of interest, including potential therapeutic agents. For example, researchers will ...

There is growing use of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to attempt to reproduce cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions occurring in vivo. The goal is to create model systems for ...

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...