The birth of spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML) can date back to the report of Wright and colleagues in 2017. Following this breakthrough, research on STML has thrived. However, our comprehension and ...

Mode-locked lasers are advanced lasers that produce very short pulses of light, with durations ranging from femtoseconds to picoseconds. These lasers are widely used to study ultrafast and nonlinear ...

Because pulse trains achieve excellent performance with a simple laser setup, passively mode-locked fiber lasers (MLFLs) based on nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE) have numerous applications.

Mode-locked fibre lasers, featuring ultrafast temporal information, ultrahigh peak energy, and exceptional stability, have become essential tools in modern optics and industries, including ...