Molecular spectroscopy studies the interactions of light and matter. In addition to electronic states, molecules can store energy by vibrating and rotating. Molecular spectroscopy studies the ...

Molecular ion spectroscopy and mass measurements constitute a dynamic field where experimental finesse meets rigorous theory to unravel fundamental aspects of molecular structure and interactions.

Raman spectroscopy is a molecular spectroscopy, which is observed as inelastically scattered light and enables the interrogation and identification of vibrational (phonon) states of molecules.

Force spectroscopy relies on the precise measurement of forces acting on a probe as it interacts with a sample. The key principles of force spectroscopy include: AFM-based force spectroscopy is the ...

Photons in the ultraviolet/visible spectral range have sufficient energy to ionize or excite materials by increasing the energy level of bound electrons. NIR radiation has less energy per photon but ...