Pipe-flow turbulence is a problem in the transport of oil, water and other fluids, and once established, it is persistent and costly. Turbulent fluids consume greater pumping energy and can cause ...

Thermal fluids will inevitably degrade over time when continually exposed to high temperatures, and the ability of thermal fluids to effectively transfer heat will diminish. Typically, the adverse ...

Figure 1. A faulty flame disperser may cause the coils adjacent to the flame to absorb more heat energy than optimally designed. February 15, 2022 Heat transfer fluids are often taken for granted, ...