Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and random processes form a central framework for modelling systems influenced by inherent uncertainties. These mathematical constructs are used to rigorously ...
A random variable is a mathematical function that maps outcomes of random experiments to numbers. It can be thought of as the numeric result of operating a non-deterministic mechanism or performing a ...
Random fields and Gaussian processes constitute fundamental frameworks in modern probability theory and spatial statistics, providing robust tools for modelling complex dependencies over space and ...