Mission-critical hardware used in space is not supposed to fail at all, because lives may be lost in addition to resources, availability, performance, and budgets. For space applications, failure can ...

Can a single particle have a temperature? It may seem impossible with our standard understanding of temperature, but ...

What is the temperature in space? It's a far more complicated question than it seems. Because space is considered a vacuum, which means it's empty, it has no temperature. But the objects traveling ...

Though sci-fi movies would have us believe that space is incredibly cold — even freezing — space itself isn't exactly cold. In fact, it doesn't actually have a temperature at all. Temperature is a ...

Space seems like it should be blazing hot with the Sun shining nonstop, yet astronauts and spacecraft deal with freezing cold. The reality is more complicated than distance alone because how heat ...

The simulation tracks a satellite's surface and internal temperature changes as it orbits Earth, considering varying thermal inputs from sunlight and Earth's shadow. Monte Carlo radiation modeling ...

Solar flares and geomagnetic storms can have very significant effects on satellites, airplanes and GPS and electrical systems ...