A historic geography of the trans-Saharan trade / Eric Ross -- A thirst for knowledge : Arabic literacy, writing paper, and Saharan bibliophiles in Southwestern Sahara / Ghislaine Lydon -- The paper ...

Black Africans in the Mediterranean world : introduction to a neglected aspect of the African diaspora / John Hunwick -- Slave trade in the Western Sudan during the nineteenth century / Martin A.

History is often taught as if progress follows a single European path—moving from classical antiquity through the Renaissance and into modern science—while Africa appears late, peripheral, or absent.