J. William Carpenter is an economist who writes financial topics. He is an author of published works for higher education and business clients. Katie Miller is a consumer financial services expert.

Mitchell Grant is a self-taught investor with over 5 years of experience as a financial trader. He is a financial content strategist and creative content editor. Timothy Li is a consultant, accountant ...

Decision-making inherently involves cause–effect relationships that introduce causal challenges. We argue that reliable algorithms for decision-making need to build upon causal reasoning. Addressing ...