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The Cucuteni-Trypillia culture was a Chalcolithic society that flourished between about 5000 and 3000 BC in Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine. Their most astounding innovation is the vast settlements they constructed, with thousands of large houses covering up to 450 hectares, with estimated populations of up to 46,000 residents. Even larger than the first cities of Sumer in Mesopotamia. | Dan Davis - Author

The Chalcolithic Vinča culture of Southeast Europe may have developed the first writing anywhere in the world – beating the Sumerians by a thousand years. Symbols have been found on pottery vessels and clay tablets uncovered from various Vinča settlements. But what these symbols are exactly is disputed. They must be intended to convey some meaning but there’s little agreement on what that might be. Some symbols look like potters marks, signifying they were made by a certain person or workshop. I

This small ceramic model was made in the 4th millennium BC in a society archaeologists call the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture. Which covered parts of modern Moldova, Romania, and Ukraine between about 5000 BC and 3000 BC, which was the Chalcolithic era of European prehistory. Some researchers suggest this design is related to the annual procession of the sun - the yearly cycle being vitally important for an agricultural society dependent on grain – so perhaps the motif represented the proper order