What is sniffing and spoofing? . . Sniffing and Spoofing are common techniques used in network-based cyber attacks. Sniffing refers to monitoring or capturing data packets traveling over a network, while Spoofing involves impersonating a trusted device, user, or service to mislead systems or people. These attacks usually take place on unsecured networks, public Wi-Fi, or due to poor security configurations. Understanding these concepts is essential because many real-world cyber crimes start with